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Objective:To observe the size and density of adrenal gland, and the dynamic changes in patients with COVID-19.Methods:Study sample consisted of 67 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 (COVID-19 group) and 70 normal controls. COVID-19 group were divided into two groups: ordinary cases and severe cases. The CT value and thickness of adrenal gland in the control group (uni-temporal) and the COVID-19 group (multi-temporal) were measured, the CT value of adreal/erector spinae were calculated.Results:Compared with the control group, the COVID-19 group had bigger body, medial and lateral branches of bilateral adrenal gland ( P<0.05) . There was no significant difference between the CT value of adrenal/erector spinae for the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the thickness of right medial adrenal limb in detecting diffuse adrenal hyperplasia was the best (0.881) . And there was no significant difference in the CT value of adrenal/erector spinae, thickness of bilateral adrenal body, medial and lateral branches in COVID-19 group at different times. Conclusion:The bilateral adrenal glands of COVID-19 patients were slightly swollen, adrenal body, medial and lateral branches were slightly bigger than the normal adrenal glands, but the density was normal, and there were no dynamic changes during the course of the disease.
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Purpose To explore an automatic measurement method to replace the manual segmentation of hippocampal volume and brain structure by comparing the relevance and consistency between Freesurfer,as well as voxel based morphometry software (VBM8),and manual measurement of hippocampal volume,respectively.Materials and Methods Totally 67 young subjects (aged 20-40 years) and 75 elderly subjects (aged 60-80 years) were collected separately.After the whole brain MRI scan,the volume of the hippocampus was obtained by manual segmentation,importing to Freesurfer and VBM8 software respectively.Pearson correlation analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to statistically analyze the correlation of Freesurfer and VBM with manual measurement.Meanwhile,Bland-Altman scatter plot was used to reflect the consistency.Results Freesurfer and VBM were both highly related with manual measurement.The left and right r values of Freesurfer and VBM were 0.633,0.679 and 0.666,0.703,respectively in the young group,and 0.627,0.765 and 0.663,0.708,respectively in the elderly group;while ICC results showed an obvious difference.The value measured by Freesurfer in young group (ICC=0.377,0.502) was larger than that in the elderly group (ICC=0.307,0.459).However,on the whole,ICC VBM was larger than ICC Freesurfer and right hippocampal volume was larger than left one.The Bland-Altman diagram showed that the consistency of VBM with manual measurement was better than that of Freesurfer.Conclusion Freesurfer can be applied locally on the measurement of hippocampal volume in young subjects.VBM is more accurate than Freesurfer in replacing manual segmentation for measurement of adult hippocampal volume and for volume measurements used in hippocampus related clinical diseases or needed in experiments.
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Objective To compare the image quality between large dose smart tracking technique and low dose test bolus technique for gem spectral CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA).Methods A total of 106 cases with suspected pulmonary embolism were divided into two groups.Group A(54 cases)was carried out with large dose smart tracking technique.Group B(52 cases)was carried out with low dose test bolus technique.We compared the image quality between the two groups.Results There were significant differences in the CT value of the right pulmonary artery and the content of iodine in the lower lobe of the right pulmonary artery of two groups(P<0.01).There was significant difference of image quality between the two groups(P<0.05).The rate of excellent or good image quality in group A was higher than that in group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Large dose smart tracking technique can track the artifacts of pulmonary artery imaging with less artifacts and uniform vascular fixation.The image quality of pulmonary artery imaging is better than that of small dose contrast agent.
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Purpose To investigate the difference of imaging features of tree-in-bud (TIB) sign at CT between stage Ⅰ central lung cancer and bronchial disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis in order to reduce the misdiagnosis rate of central lung cancer.Materials and Methods 32 patients of stage Ⅰ central type lung cancer confirmed pathologically or clinically (lung cancer group) and 47 patients of bronchial disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed pathologically or clinically (tuberculosis group) underwent chest CT scanning and were found with TIB sign.The imaging data of all the cases were analyzed retrospectively in terms of distribution range,accompanying CT findings of TIB sign,and abnormalities of segmental and (or) larger bronchus proximal to it.Results TIB sign was mainly focal (unilobar) in lung cancer group (96.88％),while it was mainly diffuse (more than one pulmonary lobe) in tuberculosis group (80.85％).The difference was significant (P＜0.01).Accompanying CT findings:① Obstructive bronchial mucoid impaction distal to the TIB was more common in lung cancer group than in tuberculosis group (100％ vs 6.38％,P＜0.01).② Consolidation and/or ground-glass opacities were found both in lung cancer group (34.38％) and in tuberculosis group (48.94％).The difference was not significant (P＞0.05).③ Cavity was less common in lung cancer group than in tuberculosis group (0 vs 38.30％,P＜0.01).④ Nodules with diameter larger than 5 mm were much fewer in lung cancer group than in tuberculosis group (0 vs 76.60％,P＜0.01).TIB sign was found in 33 lobes in lung cancer group,and the abnormity was found in all these lobes (100％);while in tuberculosis group,TIB sign was found in 144 lobes and the abnormity was found in 56 lobes (38.89％).Conclusion TIB sign shows differences between stage Ⅰ central lung cancer and bronchial disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis.The TIB signs such as focal distribution,accompanied by bronchial mucoid impaction and abnormality of segmental or (and) larger bronchus may predict the high possibility of central lung cancer.
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Objective To study the occurrence site characteristics of middle cerebral artery aneurysm (MCAA ) in volume CT digital subtraction angiograhy(VCTDSA) .Methods The image characteristics in 72 cases of MCAA from May 2009 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed ,according to the running of middle cerebral artery ,the occurrence sites of aneurysm were divided into four categories :M1 segment ,M2 bifurcation ,M2 distal and M3-M5 segment ,the aneurysm number was conducted the statistics and the image characteristics were analyzed ;two neuroradiologists adopted the double-blind method to measure the MCAA angle in bifurcation of M2 segment and compared it with the bifurcation angle in the normal middle cerebral artery ,the difference between them were statistically analyzed .Results (1)M1 segment aneurysms were 7 cases(9 .70% ) ,M2 bifurcation aneurysms were 58 ca-ses(80 .56% ) ,M2 distal aneurysms were 5 cases(6 .94% ) and M3-M5 segment aneurysms were 2 cases(2 .78% ) .(2)The angle in M2 bifurcation of the normal middle cerebral artery was(99 .30 ± 22 .96)° ,M2 bifurcation aneurysm angle was(139 .26 ± 27 .61)° , the difference between them showing statistical significance (P0 .05) .(4)The M2 bifurcation angle in ruptured aneu-rysm was(133 .98 ± 30 .24)° ,which in unruptured aneurysms was(144 .53 ± 21 .81)° ,the difference between them had no statistical significance(P>0 .05) .Conclusion MCAA mainly occurred in M2 bifurcation .There is significant difference in M2 bifurcation an-gle between the aneurysm group and non-aneurysm group ,M2 bifurcation angle is increased ,the probability of aneurysm occurrence is increased .
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Objective To investigate the relationship between MRI signal type and CT structural characteristics on lumbar hy-perostogeny ,and the possible mechanism of vertebral body remodeling on degenerative lumbar spine .Methods Imaging data of for-ty-five subjects who were referred for both MRI and CT imaging of the lumbar spine from July 2011 to January 2012 were retro-spectively analyzed .Volume Rendering(VR) and Multi-Planar Reformation(MPR) were used to observe structural characteristics of osteophyte .Osteophyte formation ,MRI signal type and CT features of osteophyte were recorded ,then analyzed their relationship . Results 45 subjects contain 225 vertebral bodies ,there were 38 vertebral bodies containing osteophyte visible to naked eye .The four types of MRI signal were type Ⅰ to type Ⅳ ,accounting for 2(5 .3% ) ,4(10 .5% ) ,10(26 .3% ) and 22(57 .9% ) ,respectively . The three types of CT structural characteristics are type A to type C ,accounting for 4(10 .5% ) ,11(28 .9% ) and 23(60 .5% ) ,re-spectively .The main MRI signal of type A is type Ⅱ(100% ) ,and that of type B and C are both type Ⅳ(72 .7% and 65 .2% ) .Con-clusion There is a corresponding relation between MRI signal type and CT structural characteristics on lumbar hyperostogeny . Constant reconstruction of osteophyte remodels vertebral body on degenerative lumbar spine .
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Case based study emphasizes on the training of students' practical clinical ability. With the development of computer technology, picture archiving and communication system was widely applied, providing bases for case based study. According to the characteristics of radiology, appli-cation of case based study in medical imaging practice teaching was believed to stimulate students' learning interest, improve their analytical ability and thinking capacity, make them combine theory with practice better and develop their clinical thinking ability.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the variation of thalamus metabolism in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuronmyelitis optica (NMO) using 1H-MRS.Methods1H-MRS was performed to 32 MS patients (MS group),28 NMO patients (NMO group) and 35 healthy volunteers (normal control group).The ratios of metabolism in thalamus,including N-acetylaspartic acid/creatine (NAA/Cr),choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) and myo-inositol/creatine (mI/Cr) were calculated and compared.ResultsThere was statistical difference of NAA/Cr in thalamus among the three groups (P＜0.05).NAA/Cr in thalamus of MS group was significantly lower than that of normal control group (t= -3.45,P＜0.05),while no statistical difference of Cho/Cr and mI/Cr was found (t=0.086,0.661,all P＞0.05).No statistical difference of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr or ml/Cr was found between NMO group and normal control group (t=-0.792,1.408,1.735,all P＞0.05).Conclusion1H-MRS shows the decrease of thalamus NAA/Cr that suggesting axon damage in MS patients,but in NMO patients no same result is found.1 H-MRS can reflect the pathological changes of MS and NMO,and improve the differential diagnosis of the two diseases.
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Objective To evaluate the feasibility of CT subtraction angiography of the cerebral vessels with synchronous matched mask bone elimination (MMBE) technique, and to compare the imaging quality of MMBE with that of volume computed tomographic digital subtraction angiography (VCTDSA). Methods Vascular Vascular model was scanned with 64-slice spiral CT. Synchronous and asynchronous scans were independently performed for 10 times without contrast medium injection. ②Then with contrast medium injection, the same scans mentioned above were repeatedly performed each for 5 times. The imaging quality of MMBE was analyzed, which were reformatted and displayed with 3D volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP). CT value of the overall view was measured on subtracted images (without contrast medium). Two sets of bone masks were extracted for subtraction and the imaging quality was evaluated (without contrast medium). Also the imaging quality of VCTDSA was compared with that of synchronous MMBE. Results With synchronous and asynchronous scan,imaging quality of MMBE was rated grade Ⅱ in 13 and grade Ⅲ in 2 times. There was no significant difference in the average CT value of subtracted images between the two methods(P>0.05). With synchronous scan, imaging quality of subtracted bone mask was rated gradeⅠ in 10 times. While with asynchronous scan, 1 time was grade Ⅰ, 8 were grade Ⅱ and 1 time was grade Ⅲ. The imaging quality of synchronous MMBE was rated grade Ⅱ in 13 times, grade Ⅲ in 2 times. For VCTDSA, the imaging quality was rated grade Ⅰ in 15 times. Conclusion Synchronous MMBE is a feasible imaging method for evaluation of cerebral vessels. The subtracted image quality is significantly improved with this technique. Imaging quality of VCTDSA is still superior to that of synchronous MMBE.
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To analyze MR manifestations of postoperative spinal complications and investigate the value of MRI in the diagnosis and differentiated diagnosis, 114 cases of spinal postoperative complications were analyzed retrospectively and compared with the clinical data. The results showed that the main postoperative spinal complications included spinal stenosis (n=33, consisting of 21 cases of epidural fibrosis and 12 cases of epidural hematoma or epidural abscess), lack of spinal stability (n=43), infection (n=23, consisting of 7 cases of para-spinal soft-tissue infection, 5 cases of vertebral discitis, 4 cases of vertebral and appendix infection, 3 cases of epidural abscess, 2 cases of myelitis, 2 cases of spinal arachnoiditis), others (n=28, consisting of 12 cases of inner fixation failure, 9 cases of epidural hematoma, 7 cases of cerebrospinal fluid gusher). It is concluded that MRI can specifically display all kinds of postoperative spinal complications, and is of significant value in the diagnosis and differentiated diagnosis of postoperative spinal complications.
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Objective:To identify the cerebral activation patterns associated with the processes that occur during viewing Chinese and English words in native Chinese English learners.Methods:12 right-handed Chinese English hamers were divided into two groups equally,namely English majors and non-English majors,and took semantic judgement tasks of both English and Chinese words,for whom the fMRI images were coUected.Results:To various degrees,all subjects demonstrated activation of associated cerebral regions in both hemispheres and the left hemisphere activation was more significant for most subjects.Except for elassieal regions involved in language processing,such as Wemicke areas and Broca areas,there were other activated cerebral regions,including cerebellum,limbic system and basal ganglia nucleus,etc.To sum up,there were apparent overlap for cerebral activation distribution and no specific processing areas for both tasks.The analysis of ROI(region of interest)suggested that subjects in specialized group were more dependent on right hemisphere to perform English words task.Conclus/on:Language cognition is dominated by left hemisphere,which is also shared by the right hemisphere to various degrees and thus two hemispheres work by ways of both dissociation and coordination.It is possible that working strategy of the right hemisphere in English task is related to proficiency of the second language.A variety of distinctions are shared by each subject for language cognitive patterns.
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Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of subtraction CT angiograph(SCTA)and volume CT Digital subtractionangiography(VCTDSA) in detecting intracranial aneurysms,and compare their performance.Methods:Previously publishedliteratures concerning the diagnostic performance of SCTA between 1990 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed(seven in English andtwo in Chinese),and were analyzed and compared with the performance of VCTDSA in detecting and characterizing of intracranial aneurysms.Then the correlated information was extracted,and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of intracranial aneurysms by the two kinds of technique were analyzed.Results:Except the data of Imakita、Romijn which the sensitivity of detecting intracranial aneurysms were 92% and 99%,the sensitivity of others were 100%,and the specificity of detecting intracranial aneurysms were 90% to 100%.88.9% of images were excellent quality(8/9)in the display of cerebral vessels and diagnostic information of intracranial aneurysms.The image quality of VCTDSA was excellent compared with other subtraction CT angiography,and it could completely display the whole cerebral vessels,including 5 grade branches and the clear relationship among artery-veins,aneurysms and parent artery of aneurysms.Conclusion:Compared with Subtraction CT angiography,VCTDSA has an advantage in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms.
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0.05. While between IJV and SSS it was 1.31 second, between MCA and SSS 6.06 second, between CCA and IJV 7.59 second. At the same time of TP, the left common carolid artery adjacent to the fourth cervical verlebrae and IJV enhanced significantly more than the M1 segment of lett middle cerebral artery and SSS. Conclusion:The TP in Cerebral Vessels and Cephalic and Cervical Vessel was not obviously difference testing by contrast agenl mass injection method. So we can deduce lhe scan-delay-time in cerebral and cervix with VCTDSA by the TP with CT perfusion dynamic scan.
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To improve the quality of practice teaching in medical imaging,we explored the teaching methods on the basis of quality-oriented education,combining the special nature of the medical imaging and the clinical medicine program.
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The cultivation of the medical image graduate students is one of the important ways in the modern medical science image talents. The writer of this article thinks that there are several important factors such as constructions of the tutor teams and the cooperation managements of the radiological department,training the basic knowledge of medical image and thoughts model of image diagnosis,improving the special English of the medical image, cultivating the innovation and the ability of the taking on the science research independently,and cultivating the competence of the research expression.
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National level excellent courses' construction is an important part of the quality and reform in education .We explored the teaching methods of medical imaging under the construction of the excellent course to improve the quality education.
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Comparative imaging can be used to analyse and compare diseases in different respects,which can not only conduce to students’transversal contrast of knowledge they have learned, but also improve the teaching effect of medical imaging and the students’clinical skills,and at the same time,lay a solid foundation of the research for future.
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Objective To assess the additional diagnostic value of mesenteric CT angiography (MCTA) for localization of intestinal diseases detected by 64-slice helical CT. Methods Pretreatment abdominal CT data from 60 cases of intestinal diseases confirmed surgically and pathologically were analyzed retrospectively. Two radiologists blindly evaluated the images in group A (including axial and multi-plane reconstructive images) and group B (including images in group A and CT angiography). Both the localization and qualitation of intestinal diseases were evaluated by comparison of the surgical and pathological findings. Results The accuracy of localization of intestinal diseases in groups A and B was 83.3% and 98.3%, respectively. Conclusion Mesenteric CT angiography can obviously increase the accuracy in localization of intestinal diseases.
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Objective To explore the imaging characteristics of malignant lymphoma of intestinal tract.Methods Thirty-two cases of malignant intestinal lymphoma proved operatively and pathologically were studied .All cases were subjected to Ba-meal or double contrast Ba-enema examinations. There were 10 cases studied by CT scan and 19 cases by B-ultrasonography.Results By Barium studies we found 20 cases of lesions involving the small intestine or ileocecal junction and 12 involving the large intestine. In the former subgroup , we found regional dilatation of small intestine in 6, multiple intraluminal polypoid filling defects in 7, intestinal wall infiltration in 4, intraluminal nodular proliferation with ulcer formation in 3; while in the latter subgroup ,there were polypoid masses seen in 6, narrowing of intestinal lumen in 5 and coarse intestinal mucosa in 1.On CT scan , we found irregular thickening of intestinal wall in 5 cases , eccentric intraluminal mass in 2 and intestinal dilatation associated with thickening of intestinal wall in 3. B-ultrasonography showed beltoid low echo thickened intestinal wall in 5 cases ,pseudo kidney sign in 6 and lumpy low echoes in 2. Conclusion Barium study , CT scan and B-ultrasonography have different specific diagnostic characteristics for malignant intestinal lymphoma.In combination with these examinations are mutually beneficial in the diagnostic process.
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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the aquaporin-4(AQP4) expression in the ischemic penumbra tissues.Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups randomly, including control group(n=6) and occluded groups(n=30). The occluded groups were studied after the right middle cerebral artery of the rats unilaterally occluded(MCAO) at an interval of 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h, respectively(n=5 for each group). The operation process of the control group was the same as the occluded group except occluded MCAO. Then all rats were imaged with T_1WI, T_2WI and diffusion weighted-imaging(DWI). The brain tissue, according to the method by LIU Meili reported, was regarded as the area of the graphic penumbra. The relative apparent diffusion coefficient of the graphic-penumbra (rADC_1) and the center infarction(rADC_2)(ratios between the values of the occluded side and the opposite side) were calculated. The animals were sacrificed and perfused with the mixture solution consisting of TTC at different time intervals. The graphic-penumbra of the biggest layer of the ischemic cerebral tissue which corresponded to the DWI was examined with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Meanwhile, histologic examination was performed at same site of the lesion. Results There were no significant changes on MRI, the relative apparent diffusion coefficient and the expression of the AQP4. The abnormal high intensity was found on DWI at 15 min after MCAO. T_2WI detected the lesion at 1 h after MCAO. The value of the rADC_1 decreased within 24 h after MCAO in ischemic penumbra, especially, it descended quickly within 1 h after MCAO, from(70.4?6.9)% at 15 min to(53.5?10.9)% at 1 h. Whereas, in the infarct tissue, the changes of the rADC_2 had a rule of decrease from(71.5?6.6)% at 15 min to(45.7?10.5)% at 3 h at first time, and then follow an increasing up to(78.7?11.5)% at 24 h after MCAO. The expression of AQP4 increased gradually within 24 h after MCAO, from 0.42?0.05 at 15 min to 1.18?0.12 at 24 h, it showed negative relationship with the rADC_1 in the ischemic penumbra (r= -0.966,P